Latex (pronounced la-tek or sometimes lay-tek) is a document preparation system created by leslie lamport in 1984. it’s built on top of tex, a typesetting system developed by donald knuth in 1978. but the story goes further back: tex was based on troff, an even older system written by joe ... Read All

Whenever you want to implement formatted data and multilingual support based on region or locale, you will eventually encounter the terms i18n and l10n. sometimes, you may also see terms like g11n or globalization. in this article, i’ll explain the definitions and differences between these terms. ... Read All

Walking is one of those things every human needs. for some, this need is hidden, they aren’t even aware of it. as a result, they don’t respond to it correctly or fulfill it. it’s like when you feel the urge to go to the bathroom, but in reality, your nerves are just messed up from sitting on a cold ... Read All

The appendix is a body organ considered vestigial. vestigial means something that used to be useful but isn’t anymore. like a piece of clothing that once fit but no longer does, you either throw it away or give it to someone else. or like selling fuel in winter. in life, many things become vestig... Read All

In november 2002, the world wide web consortium proposed owl as a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing web ontologies. owl is based on rdf and derived from daml+oil. it is one of the semantic markup languages that uses clear and formal definitions of classes, instances, and relationsh... Read All

When september arrives, a sweet and strange feeling takes over me. i don’t have a name for it, so i just call it the september feeling. this sensation is amplified by other things too, like this yanni song performed in las vegas, especially that amazing violin part. or country music and the sweet vi... Read All

Have you heard the saying, "they lie in a way that makes you feel like you can't not believe them"? selfish people use this technique a lot. let me give a few examples: when you know that in a conversation, six out of every five words they say are lies, but you still can’t end the interacti... Read All

After five months since returning to iran, and all the countless events that have happened during this time, i feel somewhat stable. i ended a tense relationship with the help of my mom and a dear friend, and i’ve regretted hundreds of times how such a long period of my life was influenced by that s... Read All

When life feels dull, overwhelming, or unsatisfying, here’s a powerful antidote: gratitude. but not just vague appreciation, focus on what you have that billions of others might lack. it’s a perspective shift that can bring instant clarity and contentment. let’s break it down. 1. health think abou... Read All

the cover design of the book "anything you want" by derek sivers months ago, i started translating derek sivers' book anything you want during evenings and weekends just to pass the time. unfortunately, my efforts to publish the book in print did not succeed, so i eventually decided to release th... Read All

Back in 1976, bill joy created vi for the unix operating system. the name comes from the first two letters of visual, which makes sense. before vi, people used ex, a line editor, which was itself an upgrade from an even older tool, ed, built by ken thompson in 1971. why “visual”? because back... Read All

Ever since i could walk, i thought i had an introverted personality. i avoided interacting with people, and many of the activities my peers enjoyed seemed ridiculous to me. naturally, because i was introverted. right? wrong. i wasn’t introverted. not then, not now. none of the traits typically assoc... Read All